Smartmontools Linux中監控硬碟的健康狀態及溫度告警

Smartmontools - Linux中監控硬碟的健康狀態及溫度告警

Linux當中沒有很多方便又有圖形化的監控工具,大部分的監控可以透過SNMP或是其他工具輔助,像我通常都使用單顆硬碟居多,硬碟的健康狀況總是得偶爾關心一下,而且老實說我真的沒有在意過Linux的硬碟溫度,還真是糟糕.....不過既然得知了有方便的工具,當然得使用看看,多關心硬碟一點,壽命久一點!

「Smartmontools」在Linux當中可以透過yum來安裝即可,我要安裝的同時才發現我系統內原本就有這個套件,之前都沒有用到還真是小小浪費了~來看看除了文件檔之外有哪些檔案呢?

$ rpm -ql smartmontools
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smartd
/etc/smartd.conf
/etc/sysconfig/smartmontools
/usr/sbin/smartctl
/usr/sbin/smartd

原來這工具就是系統內一直都沒開啟使用的「smartd」服務啊^^a,一直以來我都沒有開啟過,一直以來都只開起必要開啟的服務,其他的能省則省。

$ smartctl -a /dev/sdb3
smartctl version 5.38 [i686-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     ST31000333AS
Serial Number:    9TE10MBY
Firmware Version: CC1H
User Capacity:    1,000,203,804,160 bytes
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  ATA-8-ACS revision 4
Local Time is:    Tue Feb  8 14:25:49 2011 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Disabled(未啟動HDD SMART)

SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.(未啟動服務)

啟動服務後就會有一堆硬碟資訊出現了~

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)    Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)    The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:          ( 625) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:              (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)    Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)    Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:      (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:      ( 212) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:      (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:            (0x103f)    SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE


資訊真的是多到眼花撩亂,若不是有特殊的監控項目,還真的不知道該如何著手,而且我的Linux是架設在ESXi上,系統的硬碟其實是看不到SMART的資訊,自己Mapping Physical Disk to vmdk的硬碟才可以看的到SMART的訊息,ESXi的硬碟可能還是得從ESXi的方面著手。而我主要要觀察的項目為溫度,在上方資訊要觀察的項目是194這個項次。

自己下指令或是寫script觀察溫度是可行的,不過既然smartd是一個服務,不妨看看設定檔,果然有監控的選項即設定,當發生問題時可以主動發信告知,也可以將一些紀錄寫入syslog,日後有需要查詢時也方便許多。仔細查看/etc/smartd.conf的設定檔,發現可以監控的項目不少,而且預設的範例都有寫在設定檔內,若有一些進階需求,可以翻翻設定檔或許會有解答,而我目前只改了一些基本的設定。

# 全域設定寄發郵件的對象
DEVICESCAN -H -m 電子信箱

# 每小時紀錄194、231、9的訊息到syslog
DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9

# Monitor all attributes except normalized Temperature (usually 194),
# but track Temperature changes >= 4 Celsius, report Temperatures
# >= 45 Celsius and changes in Raw value of Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5).
# Send mail on SMART failures or when Temperature is >= 55 Celsius.
# 應該是溫度改變超過4度,溫度大於45、55度告警,以及磁區故障系統自動配置備用磁區超過5時告警
/dev/sdb -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m 電子信箱

# 默默的檢查,SMART發生異常時才發出通知
/dev/sdb -H -C 0 -U 0 -m 電子信箱

# 更多的設定選項如下
-d TYPE Set the device type: ata, scsi, marvell, removable, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N
-T TYPE set the tolerance to one of: normal, permissive
-o VAL  Enable/disable automatic offline tests (on/off)
-S VAL  Enable/disable attribute autosave (on/off)
-n MODE No check. MODE is one of: never, sleep, standby, idle
-H      Monitor SMART Health Status, report if failed
-l TYPE Monitor SMART log.  Type is one of: error, selftest
-f      Monitor for failure of any 'Usage' Attributes
-m ADD  Send warning email to ADD for -H, -l error, -l selftest, and -f
-M TYPE Modify email warning behavior (see man page)
-s REGE Start self-test when type/date matches regular expression (see man page)
-p      Report changes in 'Prefailure' Normalized Attributes
-u      Report changes in 'Usage' Normalized Attributes
-t      Equivalent to -p and -u Directives
-r ID   Also report Raw values of Attribute ID with -p, -u or -t
-R ID   Track changes in Attribute ID Raw value with -p, -u or -t
-i ID   Ignore Attribute ID for -f Directive
-I ID   Ignore Attribute ID for -p, -u or -t Directive
-C ID   Report if Current Pending Sector count non-zero
-U ID   Report if Offline Uncorrectable count non-zero
-W D,I,C Monitor Temperature D)ifference, I)nformal limit, C)ritical limit
-v N,ST Modifies labeling of Attribute N (see man page)
-a      Default: equivalent to -H -f -t -l error -l selftest -C 197 -U 198
-F TYPE Use firmware bug workaround. Type is one of: none, samsung
-P TYPE Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall

大致上我就只有設定那麼一些些,主要還是藉由服務幫忙監控,若是需要更簡單的方式監控硬碟溫度,可以設定「hddtemp」的服務,不過能偵測的硬碟有限,snmp的資訊似乎也沒溫度的相關訊息,所以暫時就是簡單的設定告警囉!

http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

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